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2012 Will the World End?

Saturday, November 14th, 2009
A 2012 D (Denver Mint) Lincoln Cent or Is It?

A 2012 D (Denver Mint) Lincoln Cent or Is It?

Will the year 2012 be our last year, here on Earth? Will a 2012 D, Denver Mint cent similar to this one be the last cent we see circulating in the Unitied States of America? Are we doomed to suffer some apocolyptic event that causes life, as we know it to dissapear from the face of the earth? Will we all go the way of the dinosaur? Will it all end? AAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!

Somehow, when considering the hype surrounding the year 2012, my mind wanders to some of the scenes of a “Mad Max” film starring Mel Gibson in which groups of barbarian like individuals battle each other for turf and the gasoline needed to operate their armored vehicles. The strange vehicles created from leftover automotive junkyard parts were futuristic in design but truly archaic in their use of mechanics and sources of fuel. The point of the film was to illustrate a move ahead into an unfortunate future time while still being able to hang on to the collapsed remnants of the past. The point was well made.

So what is all this 2012 stuff, anyway?

Predictions based primarily upon the end-date of what is known as the Mayan Long Count calendar, which is said to last for 5,125 years lends itself nicely to an “End of Times” phenomenon that is supposed to reach a climax on December 21st or 23rd, 2012. Those are the supposed end-dates of the aforementioned calendar period. The dating is drawn from a mixture of archaeoastronomical speculations, interpretations of mythology, the use of numerology and best of all….supposed phrophecies from other world aliens! I also think that some people have concluded that Nostradamus had something to do with this as well.

New Age interpretations of this end-date transition puts forward the idea that, during this time, the planet and its inhabitants may simply “undergo a positive physical or spiritual transformation”. 2012 may mark the beginning of and usher in a new human era. It will be similar to a worldwide New Year’s Celebration but on a grander more cosmic scale! On the other hand, some believe that the 2012 date marks the beginning of an end and they point to current day catastrophes such as earthquakes, floods, and disease to make the point that we are on the road to cosmic ruin.

Some of the predictions pertaining to the end of the world in 2012 include collision with another planet or asteroid, a polar reversal whereby the magnetic field of our planet rearranges itself, a change in the axis of the Earth that would create a wobble of the planet that would ultimately destroy the Earth by completely disrupting our planetary seasons; and the best prediction….The end of the earth will come as we line up with a black hole at the center of the Milky Way Universe. All these scenarios have been rejected by the scientific community since they defy the laws of physics or are contradicted by well known and understood scientific observations.

So, What do Maya sources think?

The truth is that mainstream Mayanist scholars feel that the idea that the Mayan Long Count calendar “ends” in 2012 misrepresents Maya history. Many suggest that the calendar simply completes a time cycle that will simply continue as the calendar is used to represent a new era in Maya culture. The modern Maya place no major importance on the 2012 date and to them, life will go on. There is actually no agreement of classic Maya sources about what the date might mean.

So for those of us who remember that “scary” time period about ten years ago, I strongly suspect that this is another Y2K (Year 2000) episode getting ready to explode. I think I will call it the M2K+D (Maya 2000 + a Dozen) phenomenon and let it go at that. (Remember that you heard M2K+D here first) Do I think that the world will end? Nahhh! But I’ll keep my fingers crossed anyway!

What Are Pennies (Cents) Made From?

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

What Are LINCOLN PENNIES (CENTS) Made From ?

The Composition of Lincoln cents has changed over the years. Some cents made of the wrong metal can be worth as much as $40,000.00 so you may want to read the following!

To start with most cents that appear to be of the wrong composition are probably plated or tampered with. This is not always the case but in a huge majority of cases the coins are not what they appear to be.

Here’s what is NORMAL !

Lincoln Cents minted from:

1909 to 1942 – BRONZE (.950 copper, .050 tin and zinc)

1919 Lincoln Cent

1919 Lincoln Cent

1943 – STEEL coated with ZINC

1943 Lincoln Cent - Zinc-Plated Steel

1943 Lincoln Cent - Zinc-Plated Steel

1944 to 1946 – BRONZE (.950 copper, .050 zinc) actually from salvaged WW II cartridge casings.

1945 Lincoln Cent

1945 Lincoln Cent

1947 to 1958 – BRONZE (.950 copper, .050 tin and zinc)

1958 Wheat Ears Reverse Lincoln Cent

1958 Wheat Ears Reverse Lincoln Cent

1959 to 1962 – BRONZE (.950 copper, .050 tin and zinc)

1962 Doubled Die Obverse

1962 Doubled Die Obverse

1963 to 1982 – BRONZE (.950 copper, .050 zinc)

1976 Lincol Cent

1976 Lincol Cent

1982 to Present – COPPER-PLATED ZINC (.992 zinc, .008 copper , plated with pure copper)

1990 Lincoln Cent - DAMAGED with ZINC exposed

1990 Lincoln Cent - DAMAGED with ZINC exposed

So That’s it in a nutshell! Another article will tell you what to look for to find that $40,000.00 JACKPOT COIN!

The 1943 Lincoln Penny (Cent) and Others!

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

There are some rare pennies (cents) that are struck on the wrong planchets. A planchet is the little disk of metal that is prepared to be struck into a coin. Sometimes a mix-up occurs that causes the wrong planchets to be struck into coins for a certain year. In 1943, for example, pennies (cents) were supposed to be struck on planchets made of STEEL, and PLATED with ZINC. Some leftover planchets from 1942 made of BRONZE accidentally got mixed in with the new, at the time ZINC-COATED STEEL planchets and were mistakenly struck into coins.

That being said, many questions arise about the 1943 dated cents. You should know what is normal and what is unusual on these coins and coins of other years that may be struck on the wrong planchets.

NORMAL 1943 Lincoln cents are made of STEEL plated with ZINC. NORMAL 1943 cents are grey in color unless they are rusted.

1943 Lincoln Cent - Steel Plated in Zinc - NORMAL COMPOSITION

1943 Lincoln Cent - Steel Plated in Zinc - NORMAL COMPOSITION

1943 P, D or S cents struck on BRONZE do exist but are extremely rare. This picture shows you the date on a genuine 1943 S Lincoln Cent that was struck on a Bronze Planchet.

1943 S Lincoln Cent - Struck in Bronze

1943 S Lincoln Cent - Struck in Bronze


Many are counterfeited. People take normal STEEL cents and plate them with COPPER in order to make them look like a cent struck in BRONZE. People also take 1948 dated cents and alter the date by removing the left side of the numeral 8 and leaving behind what looks like a 3 as the last digit in the date.

A copper plated forgery of a 1943 Bronze cent

A copper plated forgery of a 1943 Bronze cent

There are some 1944 Lincoln cents that were mistakenly struck on leftover ZINC -COATED STEEL planchets from 1943, so a NORMAL 1944 is BRONZE colored while there are some rare 1944 cents that are grey in color. Again, there are numerous counterfeits done by plating a normal 1944 cent.

In 1975, NORMAL cents were struck in BRONZE. The Mint did experiment, however with ALUMINUM and struck a few examples dated 1975 in Aluminum but no coins in that metal were to leave the Mint. Samples of these ALUMINUM cents were given to some members of Congress as examples to examine and an unknown, extremely small number that should have been returned to Mint officials escaped but rarely surface. So a white 1975 cent bears further examination but is still probably a plated forgery.

Part way into 1982, the composition of cents changed so some 1982 cents are made of the traditional material which is a copper alloy (BRONZE) and some are made of a mostly zinc core that is plated with a thin layer of copper.

From 1982 to the present, cents are made of the COPPER-PLATED ZINC material. On occasion, unplated planchets are struck and a light gray colored coin is the result. They need to be carefully examined as it is easy to remove the copper plating and coins of this date range that have been tampered with are often encountered. High school science experiments use these cents and there are experiments done that remove the copper and the altered coins can end up back in circulation.

On a cent dated 1964 or earlier, it is possible to actually have a “silver cent” (remember that “white (light gray) cents” are normally steel or zinc and not really silver) . On rare occasion, a planchet intended to be used to make a dime gets into the press and is struck by the dies intended to produce cents. A true “Silver Cent” is the result.

If that happened today, a cent would be grey in color as our dimes (for circulation) are made of two layers of nickel bonded to a copper core.

A Question About an Un-Plated Lincoln Cent

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

I found a penny (cent) dated 1991 D that should have the copper plating on it. This one seems to have the plating missing. Did I find a valuable coin?

Part way through 1982, The United States Mint changed the composition of cents to a copper-plated zinc. The core of the coin is composed of 98.2% zinc and 0.8% copper. The core is plated with pure copper. While it is possible for a coin before it was struck (in this case the blank) to have missed the process that involves the copper plating, it does not happen too often. For the production of cents, the Mint purchases the blanks that are manufactured by outside sources. The Mint however, does supply the outside sources with the zinc and the copper used for the manufacture of the blanks. It is unusual for the blanks to arrive at the Mint without having been plated.

Many science experiments in middle schools and high schools involve the removal of copper from the copper-plated zinc composition cents. Some experiments involve the use of nitric acid on the surface of the coin. The nitric acid will remove the layer of copper from the zinc core. Because there is some copper in the zinc core, the core will also be effected with the result being a slightly rough surface appearing on the coin. The nitric acid does not effect the zinc.

Your coin also exhibits remnants of the copper on the surface and on the edges that indicate that the copper that was once on the coin had been removed.

Unplated Lincoln cent

Unplated Lincoln cent

I placed a picture of your coin next to a genuine coin that missed the plating process. You can see the rough surface on the 1991 D dated coin as opposed to the smooth undamaged surface of the 1987 D dated coin.

Since your coin has been damaged by acid, it does not have any numismatic value.

What Are Masonic Pennies ?

Saturday, April 18th, 2009

While searching on eBay I found a couple of pennies that had been stamped by an individual with the Masonic logo. My question(s) are: Is there a specific reason why they do this? Do any other organizations do this? How do they do it? and what equipment and tools are needed to create your own mark on a penny?

The “Masonic Pennies” that you are asking about are given to entry level members of the Masons. Freemasonry is a fraternal organization, existing in various forms worldwide. The membership has shared moral and metaphysical ideals and in most of its branches requires a constitutional declaration of belief in a Supreme Being.

The tools used to manufacture these pennies include a hammer and a punch that is created to have the Masonic logo on it. The logo is comprised of the Masonic Square and Compasses and can be found with or without the letter G.

The photo below shows what the punch looks like, it is on the right. There is a photo of the logo as it is seen on the punch and a picture of a 1955 Lincoln Cent that has been struck by the punch. It is probably important to mention that the punches seem to be for sale to anyone so these pennies can be created by any person who owns one of these punches. I have seen the current type of “Masonic Penny” for sale for as little as twenty cents each.

Masonic Penny and Logo Punch for Modern Cents

Masonic Penny and Logo Punch for Modern Cents

The piece seen at the top of the photo is an Older “Royal Arch Chapter” Masonic Penny. The one shown is from a chapter in Lebanon, Pennsylvania but there are many that were struck representing the various Chapters. They were carried by the members of the fraternal organization. One side will usually name the Chapter and note the date that the Chapter was chartered. The opposite side of the Masonic Penny will usually depict a “Keystone” and the letters HTWSSTKS in a ring. The letters signify Hiram, Tyrian, Widow’s Son, Sendeth To King Solomon. These older pieces are quite collectible

Two Headed or Two Tailed Coins !

Thursday, April 2nd, 2009

So… You Say you found a two headed or two tailed coin? Well, Please read on!

I can practically guarantee that it is a coin called a Magician’s Coin. There are two headed and two tailed coins that are made as novelty items.

The coin you have will actually come apart of you fool with it long enough. After they get placed into circulation, wear makes it very difficult to find and operate the seam but it is there.

A few ways you can check this coin is as follows:

Look at the two sides in relation to each other. They usually don’t line up right. Hold the coin between your thumb and forefinger with the obverse or reverse (heads or tails) on one side perfectly straight up. Slowly spin the coin between your fingers and take note of the position of the “other” side. The other side should be positioned exactly “upside down” in relation to the first side. It will probably not line up right. We call that rotated. That is a sign that the two halves were not put back together in a normal coin orientation the last time it was taken apart and put back together.

The next test is what I like to call the “ring” test or even better, the “THUD” test. When you drop a normal half dollar, it will actually ring. Even copper-nickel clad coins will produce a musical pitch when you drop it on a hard surface.

Compare the ring of a real coin to your double tailed one. A good coin will ring and the double tailed one will go “THUD” . It will sound like you dropped a chunk of lead. The air between the layers deadens the normal ring.

In some cases, there is enough air between the sections of the coin that if you place it in water, a few minute bubbles will appear.

If you find that it is a magician’s coin, you may want to fiddle with it to open it up. Sometimes one side of the piece that is on the inside now has a foreign coin used. It adds to the trick. I have some here that have British Pennies or Mexican 20 Centavos coins on the inside.

Magician's Coin

Magician's Coin

So..Try these out and feel free to let me know what you discover about your coin.

Brand new “Magician’s Coins” that work are sold for between 5 and 10 dollars in Magic shops. Ones in circulation are interesting but have no numismatic value.

On the off chance that it is real (and the chance is slim) it would be worth a great deal of money to a collector. Figuratively speaking, 99.9999999999% of the time, they are not real.

There is at least one United States quarter dollar that was made with two reverse dies. The coin appears to have been made in 1965 or so, based upon research done to identify the dies that were used to produce the piece. The coin was authenticated in 2001.

There is also an 1859 Indian head Cent known that was struck using two obverse dies.

How these coins came to be is very suspect and it is thought that they were intentionally made as opposed to being made in error.

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